FOUNDATION
The Definition of Instructional Technology:
The definition of instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning (Seels & Richey, 1994). The IT definition changes as the development of instructional technology over the years. IT media started in the 20th century; the early instructional technology is focused on the instructional media. In the 21st century, instructional technology on the processes and resources. One key term in the new definition is the word ethical.
My Definition of Field of Instructional Technology:
Instructional technology is also called educational technology. IT is a field of study. In my personal opinion, I think instructional technology provides a new way of learning. It can let the learning process more efficient, and people can learn in anywhere and anytime. Compare with the traditional learning method; technology played an important role in the IT field. Technology can help learners learning easily and easier access to the contents.
IT History
1920: Visual materials (film, pictures, and lantern slides)
1930: Slow (because of World War II)
1940: Audiovisual (develop fast, use film to training military)
1960: Not only on the media but also focused on educational technology.
1970: Cognitive learning theory began to influence the field.
1980: Personalized computers (cognitive learning theories. Knowledge can be engineered.) not only focused on learning and training but also focused on human performance.
1990-Present: Computer, internet, mobile, e-learning, film training and so on.
Robert Gagne 9 Events:
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Gain attention of the students
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Inform students of the objectives
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Stimulate recall of prior learning
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Present the stimulus
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Provide learning guidance
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Elicit performance
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Provide feedback
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Assess performance
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Enhance retention and transfer
Learning Theories
Behaviorism:
Behaviorism, which was first introduced in the 1960s, appoints learning as observable behavior, reinforcement, discriminative stimuli, and objectivism. in my educational philosophy, the very basic level of learning process contrasted with the behaviorist learning theory, which learners are usually monitored by an outside force, for examples, instructors will have tests to make sure learners complete their assigned tasks. This learning theory, in my opinion, is the fundamental of developing an efficient learning behavior. In the future, a system will like the Quizlet give the feedback immediately.
Cognitivism:
Cognitivism, which was first introduced in the 1980s, during this stage of learning, learners will become more independent. Stimuli process, learning memory, schemata and objectivism will start to appear during a learning process. In my educational philosophy, this is when learners want a little more than what is required in the learning process. During this stage of learning, learners are more self-motivated, they would usually not only complete the basic learning tasks but also reflect on what they have learned and expand existing materials to learn more.
Constructivism:
Constructivism, which was first introduced in the 1990s. During this stage of learning, learners are close to fully self-motivated which they start to build a construction of knowledge while also being interpretivism. In my educational philosophy, this is when learners have a very high level of willingness towards learning because during this stage, instructors are not required. Experienced learners will develop a series of learning steps for themselves. However, I believe the constructivism learning theory doesn't always happen due to lack of experiences of learners, a very high level of self-motivation is required to achieve this learning stage. Once constructivism learning theory happens, I believe it will be the best learning theory there is because each can specifically design the most efficient learning process for them. In the future, I think the VR (Visual Reality) technology can help constructivism because VR can simulate an environment that allows learners to explore.
ETEC 500​
From the course ETEC500, I learned IT is mean instructional technology. IT has changed very fast, it can define different meaning in a different period. In this class, I also learned to write a research paper and citation use APA style and how to search for different kinds of literature in the CSUSB library. Furthermore, the class includes how to use HTML and CSS to create a website.
My Educational Philosophy
My educational philosophy is that learners should participate in the learning process. I strongly believe that instructional Technology should be a process in which the learner gets actively involved in the learning process. Instructional Technology’s goals cannot be achieved without the active participation of the learners.
From the teachers’ side, I think that the teachers should help the learners by using interesting materials to gain the learner's attention and stimulate pre-knowledge to apply in the new knowledge. Also, I will also apply cognitivism into my ways of giving instructions.
Click the picture to open a word document
References
Baek, E (2015). History of Instructional Technology.
https://csusb.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-1672762-dt-content-rid-6596212_1/courses/178ETEC50001/History%20of%20Instructional%20Technology%281%29.pdf
Gagné, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional design (4th ed.). Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Reiser, R., & Dempsey, J.V. (2011). Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (3rd eds.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. ISBN-13: 978-0132563581
Seels, B., & Richey, C. (1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains of the field. Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology.